Idjtihad and Taqlid in 18th and 19th Century Islam

Chronicle of Datura Toxicity in the 18th and 19th Century

Background: Datura stramonium is a poisonous and common flowering plant that is a member of the Solanacae family. Datura poisonings are a rare occurrence in the 21st century, making toxicological information on this plant sparse. Historical information on Datura provides useful information on the clinical symptoms and characteristics of poisonings. This review looks at the state of knowledge on...

Austrian Pharmacy in the 18th and 19th Century

This overview reflects the extensive changes in the health care system which had significant effects on the apothecaryâs profession and education. In the 18(th) century Maria Theresia assigned Gerard van Swieten to modernize the medical curriculum and to work out reforms for health care. The resulting sanitary bill released in 1770 and amended in 1773 became effective for the whole empire and i...

[Public health services and healthcare workforce in Bakar of the 18th and 19th century].

This review article draws on scarce and poorly studied archival information and several published articles to describe the development and organisation of public health services in the town of Bakar over the 18th and 19th century. For a short while at the turn of the 19th century, Bakar established a hospital run by two physicians and one surgeon to treat patients affected by the so called Škrl...

Eyes: Identity and Commemoration in British 18th and 19th Century Sculpture

the implied reader in 18th century literary criticism

this thesis is going to delineate the concept of the reader as implied in 18th century literary theory; based on the study of the major reader oriented elements of criticism of the age-taste, the sublime, and aesthetic pleasure-its aim is to explain what sott of reader is implied and what kind of response on the part of the reader is proposed in 18th century english literary theory and aestheti...